Retinyl palmitate -> retinol - > retinaldehyde -> all-trans-retinoic acidĪs we wrote in our lengthy retinol description the problem is that the conversion is not terribly effective. If you are into vitamin C, you can take a look at more promising derivatives here. It is there in lots of products in tiny amounts (honestly, we do not really understand why), however, we do not know about any vitamin C serum featuring AP in high amounts. Overall, Ascorbyl Palmitate is our least favorite vitamin C derivative. Regarding the skin-brightening properties of pure vitamin C, this is another magic property AP does not have, or at least there is no data, not even in-vitro, about it. The only good thing we can write about Ascorbyl Palmitate is that there is an in-vitro (made in the lab, not on real people) study showing that it might be able to boost collagen production. It was only an in-vitro study meaning that it was done on cell cultures and not on real people, but still, this also does not support the use of AP too much. Third, another study that wanted to examine the antioxidant properties of AP was surprised to find that even though AP does have nice antioxidant properties following UVB radiation (the same one that comes from the sun) it also promotes lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity. We are highly skeptical what effect a tiny amount of AP has in a formula. Even if it can be converted, the palmitate part of the molecule is more than the half of it, so the efficacy will not be good and we have never seen a serum that contains a decent (and proudly disclosed) amount of AP. This does not mean that ascorbyl palmitate cannot penetrate the skin (because it can, it's oil soluble and the skin likes to absorb oil soluble things) but this means that it's questionable if ascorbyl palmitate can be converted into pure Vit C in the skin. Second, a study that examined the skin absorption of vitamin C found that ascorbyl palmitate did not increase the skin levels of AA. A great study in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology compared a bunch of vitamin C derivatives and this derivative was the only one where the study said in terms of stability that it's "similar to AA". A sunscreen with BP-3 is definitely better than no sunscreen.įirstly, it's stability is only similar to that of pure ascorbic acid (AA), which means it is not really stable. However, if you find a formula that you love and contains BP-3, we do not think that you should throw it away. Overall, BP-3 is probably our least favorite sunscreen agent and we prefer sunscreens without it. It can be used in concentrations of up to 10% in the EU and up to 6% in the US. On the up side, sunscreens are pretty well regulated in several parts of the world, and BP-3 is considered " safe as used" and is an allowed sunscreen agent everywhere. If that was not enough, Wikipedia claims that BP-3 is nowadays the most common allergen found in sunscreens, and the always-trustworthy smartskincare writes that " have been shown in some studies to promote the generation of potentially harmful free radicals". In fact, a 2004 follow-up study to examine the estrogenic effect of sunscreens when used topically on the whole body found that "the endogenous levels of reproductive hormones were unaffected" (even though BP-3 could be detected both in plasma and urine, so its absorption is no doubt too good). Estrogenic activity was confirmed only in-vitro (in test tubes) and when taken orally by lab animals, and not when used topically as you would normally. Another concern of BP-3 is that it shows some estrogenic activity, though it's probably not relevant when applied topically to the skin.
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